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Moniliform deformation of retinal ganglion cells by formaldehyde‐based fixatives
Author(s) -
Stradleigh Tyler W.,
Greenberg Kenneth P.,
Partida Gloria J.,
Pham Aaron,
Ishida Andrew T.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of comparative neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 209
eISSN - 1096-9861
pISSN - 0021-9967
DOI - 10.1002/cne.23689
Subject(s) - biology , ganglion , spinal cord , retina , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , giant retinal ganglion cells , extracellular , glutamate receptor , neuroscience , retinal , axon , anatomy , retinal ganglion cell , biochemistry , receptor
Protocols for characterizing cellular phenotypes commonly use chemical fixatives to preserve anatomical features, mechanically stabilize tissue, and stop physiological responses. Formaldehyde, diluted in either phosphate‐buffered saline or phosphate buffer, has been widely used in studies of neurons, especially in conjunction with dyes and antibodies. However, previous studies have found that these fixatives induce the formation of bead‐like varicosities in the dendrites and axons of brain and spinal cord neurons. We report here that these formaldehyde formulations can induce bead formation in the dendrites and axons of adult rat and rabbit retinal ganglion cells, and that retinal ganglion cells differ from hippocampal, cortical, cerebellar, and spinal cord neurons in that bead formation is not blocked by glutamate receptor antagonists, a voltage‐gated Na + channel toxin, extracellular Ca 2+ ion exclusion, or temperature shifts. Moreover, we describe a modification of formaldehyde‐based fixatives that prevents bead formation in retinal ganglion cells visualized by green fluorescent protein expression and by immunohistochemistry. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:545–564, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.