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Global view of the functional molecular organization of the avian cerebrum: Mirror images and functional columns
Author(s) -
Jarvis Erich D.,
Yu Jing,
Rivas Miriam V.,
Horita Haruhito,
Feenders Gesa,
Whitney Osceola,
Jarvis Syrus C.,
Jarvis Electra R.,
Kubikova Lubica,
Puck Ana E.P.,
SiangBakshi Connie,
Martin Suzanne,
McElroy Michael,
Hara Erina,
Howard Jason,
Pfenning Andreas,
Mouritsen Henrik,
Chen ChunChun,
Wada Kazuhiro
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of comparative neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 209
eISSN - 1096-9861
pISSN - 0021-9967
DOI - 10.1002/cne.23404
Subject(s) - biology , cerebrum , population , neuroscience , sensory system , anatomy , cerebral cortex , cortex (anatomy) , lamina , central nervous system , demography , sociology
Based on quantitative cluster analyses of 52 constitutively expressed or behaviorally regulated genes in 23 brain regions, we present a global view of telencephalic organization of birds. The patterns of constitutively expressed genes revealed a partial mirror image organization of three major cell populations that wrap above, around, and below the ventricle and adjacent lamina through the mesopallium. The patterns of behaviorally regulated genes revealed functional columns of activation across boundaries of these cell populations, reminiscent of columns through layers of the mammalian cortex. The avian functionally regulated columns were of two types: those above the ventricle and associated mesopallial lamina, formed by our revised dorsal mesopallium, hyperpallium, and intercalated hyperpallium; and those below the ventricle, formed by our revised ventral mesopallium, nidopallium, and intercalated nidopallium. Based on these findings and known connectivity, we propose that the avian pallium has four major cell populations similar to those in mammalian cortex and some parts of the amygdala: 1) a primary sensory input population (intercalated pallium); 2) a secondary intrapallial population (nidopallium/hyperpallium); 3) a tertiary intrapallial population (mesopallium); and 4) a quaternary output population (the arcopallium). Each population contributes portions to columns that control different sensory or motor systems. We suggest that this organization of cell groups forms by expansion of contiguous developmental cell domains that wrap around the lateral ventricle and its extension through the middle of the mesopallium. We believe that the position of the lateral ventricle and its associated mesopallium lamina has resulted in a conceptual barrier to recognizing related cell groups across its border, thereby confounding our understanding of homologies with mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3614–3665, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.