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Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen
Author(s) -
Gautron Laurent,
Rutkowski Joseph M.,
Burton Michael D.,
Wei Wei,
Wan Yihong,
Elmquist Joel K.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of comparative neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 209
eISSN - 1096-9861
pISSN - 0021-9967
DOI - 10.1002/cne.23376
Subject(s) - lamina propria , choline acetyltransferase , biology , white pulp , cholinergic , spleen , immune system , gastrointestinal tract , lymphatic system , population , enteric nervous system , cholinergic neuron , cholinergic fibers , pathology , red pulp , microfold cell , acetylcholine , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , neuroscience , epithelium , medicine , endocrinology , biochemistry , genetics , environmental health
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that acetylcholine can directly modulate immune function in peripheral tissues including the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. However, the anatomical relationships between the peripheral cholinergic system and immune cells located in these lymphoid tissues remain unclear due to inherent technical difficulties with currently available neuroanatomical methods. In this study, mice with specific expression of the tdTomato fluorescent protein in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐expressing cells were used to label preganglionic and postganglionic cholinergic neurons and their projections to lymphoid tissues. Notably, our anatomical observations revealed an abundant innervation in the intestinal lamina propria of the entire gastrointestinal tract principally originating from cholinergic enteric neurons. The aforementioned innervation frequently approached macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes located in the lamina propria and, to a lesser extent, lymphocytes in the interfollicular areas of Peyer's patches. In addition to the above innervation, we observed labeled epithelial cells in the gallbladder and lower intestines, as well as Microfold cells and T‐cells within Peyer's patches. In contrast, we found only a sparse innervation in the spleen consisting of neuronal fibers of spinal origin present around arterioles and in lymphocyte‐containing areas of the white pulp. Lastly, a small population of ChAT‐expressing lymphocytes was identified in the spleen including both T‐ and B‐cells. In summary, this study describes the variety of cholinergic neuronal and nonneuronal cells in a position to modulate gastrointestinal and splenic immunity in the mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3741–3767, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.