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The impact of the social construct of race on outcomes among bacille Calmette‐Guérin‐treated patients with high‐risk non‐muscle–invasive bladder cancer in an equal‐access setting
Author(s) -
Lawler Corinne,
Gu Lin,
Howard Lauren E.,
Branche Brandee,
Wiggins Emily,
Srinivasan Aditya,
Foster Meagan L.,
Klaassen Zachary,
De Hoedt Amanda M.,
Gingrich Jeffrey R.,
Theodorescu Dan,
Freedland Stephen J.,
Williams Stephen B.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.33792
Subject(s) - medicine , bladder cancer , race (biology) , construct (python library) , oncology , gerontology , demography , cancer , botany , sociology , computer science , biology , programming language
Background The objective of this study was to describe bladder cancer outcomes as a function of race among patients with high‐risk non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in an equal‐access setting. Methods A total of 412 patients with high‐risk NMIBC who received bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, were assessed. The authors used the Kaplan‐Meier method to estimate event‐free survival and Cox regression to determine the association between race and recurrence, progression, disease‐specific, and overall survival outcomes. Results A total of 372 patients who had complete data were included in the analysis; 48 (13%) and 324 (87%) were Black and White, respectively. There was no difference in age, sex, smoking status, or Charlson Comorbidity Index by race. White patients had a higher socioeconomic status with a greater percentage of patients living above the poverty level in comparison with Black patients (median, 85% vs 77%; P < .001). A total of 360 patients (97%) received adequate induction BCG, and 145 patients (39%) received adequate maintenance BCG therapy. There was no significant difference in rates of adequate induction or maintenance BCG therapy according to race. There was no significant difference in recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64‐3.63), progression (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33‐1.82), bladder cancer–specific survival (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.30‐3.46), or overall survival (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.56‐1.66) according to Black race versus White race. Conclusions In this small study from an equal‐access setting, there was no difference in the receipt of BCG or any differences in bladder cancer outcomes according to race.