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Gut dysbiosis during antileukemia chemotherapy versus allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Author(s) -
Rashidi Armin,
Kaiser Thomas,
Graiziger Carolyn,
Holtan Shernan G.,
Rehman Tauseef Ur,
Weisdorf Daniel J.,
Dunny Gary M.,
Khoruts Alexander,
Staley Christopher
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.32641
Subject(s) - medicine , hematopoietic cell , chemotherapy , transplantation , hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , dysbiosis , haematopoiesis , immunology , stem cell , biology , gut flora , genetics
Background In the field of malignant hematology, most microbiome studies have focused on recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). As a result, this population has remained the primary target for novel microbiota therapeutics. Because the types of insults to the microbiome are similar during hematopoietic cell transplantation and intensive antileukemia therapy, this study evaluated whether the dysbiosis states are similar in the 2 settings. Methods This study compared gut microbiota assemblages and community domination states in 2 cohorts of patients: patients with intensively treated acute leukemia (AL) and allo‐HCT recipients. 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling of thrice weekly stool samples was performed. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to determine differentially abundant taxa in groups of interest, and mixed modes were used to determine the predictors of microbiome states. Results Microbiome changes in both cohorts were characterized by a marked loss of diversity and domination of low‐diversity communities by Enterococcus . In the AL cohort, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was also inversely correlated with diversity. Communities dominated by these genera were compositionally different. Conclusions Similarities in microbiota assemblages between the 2 cohorts support a broader scope for microbiota‐directed therapeutics than previously considered, whereas specific differences suggest a personalized aspect to such therapeutics with the possibility of a differential response.