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C‐reactive protein and its association with depression in patients receiving treatment for metastatic lung cancer
Author(s) -
McFarland Daniel C.,
Shaffer Kelly,
Breitbart William,
Rosenfeld Barry,
Miller Andrew H.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.31859
Subject(s) - medicine , depression (economics) , lung cancer , cancer , oncology , lung , economics , macroeconomics
Background Depression is highly prevalent in lung cancer. Although there is a known association between inflammation and depression, this relationship has not been examined in patients with lung cancer who undergo treatment with immune and other targeted drug therapies. Peripheral blood C‐reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, may help identify metastatic lung cancer patients with inflammation‐associated depression. Method Patients with metastatic lung cancer undergoing treatment were evaluated for depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Inflammation (CRP and CRP cutoffs ≥1 and ≥3 mg/mL) and demographic and treatment variables were analyzed for association with depression. Results One hundred nine consecutive participants exhibited an average plasma CRP concentration of 1.79 mg/mL (median, 0.75 mg/mL [standard deviation, 2.5 mg/mL), and 20.7% had a CRP concentration of ≥3.0 mg/mL; 23.9% met depression screening criteria (HADS ≥8). A log transformation of CRP was significantly correlated with depression severity ( r = 0.47, P < .001). CRP was the only covariate to predict depression severity ( P = .008) in a multivariate model including lung cancer disease subtype and type of systemic treatment. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that CRP had moderate predictive accuracy in identifying elevated depression (area under the curve = 0.74). A cutoff of CRP ≥3.0 generated high specificity (88%) but identified only 50% of those with elevated depression. Conclusion Elevated CRP is associated with depression in patients with metastatic lung cancer. Thus, CRP may identify a subset of lung cancer patients with inflammation‐induced depression and may be useful in predicting response to treatments that target inflammation or its downstream mediators on the brain.