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Quantitative survival impact of composite treatment delays in head and neck cancer
Author(s) -
Ho Allen S.,
Kim Sungjin,
Tighiouart Mourad,
Mita Alain,
Scher Kevin S.,
Epstein Joel B.,
Laury Anna,
Prasad Ravi,
Ali Nabilah,
Patio Chrysanta,
Clair Jon MallenSt.,
Zumsteg Zachary S.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.31533
Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , hazard ratio , head and neck cancer , radiation therapy , cancer , surgery
BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary management of head and neck cancer (HNC) must reconcile increasingly sophisticated subspecialty care with timeliness of care. Prior studies examined the individual effects of delays in diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval, postoperative interval, and radiation interval but did not consider them collectively. The objective of the current study was to investigate the combined impact of these interwoven intervals on patients with HNC. METHODS Patients with HNC who underwent curative‐intent surgery with radiation were identified in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2013. Multivariable models were constructed using restricted cubic splines to determine nonlinear relations with overall survival. RESULTS Overall, 15,064 patients were evaluated. After adjustment for covariates, only prolonged postoperative interval ( P < .001) and radiation interval ( P < .001) independently predicted for worse outcomes, whereas the association of diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval with survival disappeared. By using multivariable restricted cubic spline functions, increasing postoperative interval did not affect mortality until 40 days after surgery, and each day of delay beyond this increased the risk of mortality until 70 days after surgery (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.28; P = .029). For radiation interval, mortality escalated continuously with each additional day of delay, plateauing at 55 days (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.11‐1.41; P < .001). Delays beyond these change points were not associated with further survival decrements. CONCLUSIONS Increasing delays in postoperative and radiation intervals are associated independently with an escalating risk of mortality that plateaus beyond certain thresholds. Delays in initiating therapy, conversely, are eclipsed in importance when appraised in conjunction with the entire treatment course. Such findings may redirect focus to streamlining those intervals that are most sensitive to delays when considering survival burden. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society .