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Race/ethnicity‐specific disparities in cancer incidence, burden of disease, and overall survival among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States
Author(s) -
Ha John,
Yan Melissa,
Aguilar Maria,
Bhuket Taft,
Tana Michele M.,
Liu Benny,
Gish Robert G.,
Wong Robert J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.30103
Subject(s) - medicine , incidence (geometry) , hazard ratio , hepatocellular carcinoma , demography , epidemiology , confidence interval , cancer registry , proportional hazards model , population , cohort , cancer , ethnic group , environmental health , physics , sociology , anthropology , optics
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the fastest rising causes of cancer‐related deaths in the United States, with disparities observed in cancer incidence and survival between ethnic groups. This report provides updated analyses on race‐specific disparities in US HCC trends. METHODS This large, population‐based cohort study was conducted using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry data from 2003 to 2011 to investigate race‐specific disparities in HCC incidence and survival. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier methods and multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards models. RESULTS From 2003 to 2011, Asians had the highest HCC incidence, followed by blacks, Hispanics, and non‐Hispanic whites. During the same period, Hispanics had the greatest increase in HCC incidence (+35.8%), whereas Asians experienced a 5.5% decrease. Although patients aged ≥65 years had the highest HCC incidence among all racial/ethnic groups, the higher HCC incidence in Asians was observed only for patients ages <50 and ≥65 years, whereas HCC incidence among patients ages 50 to 64 years was similar among Asians, blacks, and Hispanics. The overall 5‐year HCC survival rate was highest among Asians (26.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.5%‐27.6%) and lowest among blacks (21.3%; 95% CI, 19.5%‐23.1%). On multivariate regression, Asians (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.87; P < .001) and blacks (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89‐0.99; P = .01) had significantly higher survival compared with non‐Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS Asians were the only group to demonstrate a declining HCC incidence in the form of a shift from advanced HCC to more localized HCC. These findings most likely reflect improved screening and surveillance efforts for this group. Cancer 2016;122:2512–23 . © 2016 American Cancer Society .