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Surgical salvage improves overall survival for patients with HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative recurrent locoregional and distant metastatic oropharyngeal cancer
Author(s) -
Guo Theresa,
Qualliotine Jesse R.,
Ha Patrick K.,
Califano Joseph A.,
Kim Young,
Saunders John R.,
Blanco Ray G.,
D'Souza Gypsyamber,
Zhang Zhe,
Chung Christine H.,
Kiess Ana,
Gourin Christine G.,
Koch Wayne,
Richmon Jeremy D.,
Agrawal Nishant,
Eisele David W.,
Fakhry Carole
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.29323
Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , oncology , proportional hazards model , retrospective cohort study , hazard ratio , cancer , disease , surgery
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) tumor status and surgical salvage are associated with improved prognosis for patients with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Current data regarding types of surgery and the impact of surgery for patients with distant metastatic disease are limited. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent OPSCC from 2 institutions between 2000 and 2012 was performed. p16 immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization, as clinically available, were used to determine HPV tumor status. Clinical characteristics, distribution of recurrence site, and treatment modalities were compared by HPV tumor status. Overall survival (OS) was examined using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. RESULTS The current study included 108 patients with 65 locoregional and 43 distant metastatic first recurrences. The majority of patients were HPV‐positive (80 patients). HPV‐positive tumor status was associated with longer time to disease recurrence ( P <.01). Anatomic site distribution of disease recurrences did not differ by HPV tumor status. HPV‐positive tumor status (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.09‐0.58 [ P = .002]), longer time to disease recurrence (≥1 year; aHR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.74 [ P = .006]), and surgical salvage (aHR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.61 [ P = .002]) were found to be independently associated with OS after disease recurrence. Surgical salvage was independently associated with improved OS compared with nonsurgical treatment among patients with both locoregional (aHR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.56 [ P = .005]) and distant (aHR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.75 [ P = .018]) metastatic disease recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Surgical salvage was found to be associated with improved OS for patients with recurrent locoregional and distant metastatic OPSCC, independent of HPV tumor status. Further prospective data are needed to confirm the role of surgical salvage for distant metastases. Cancer 2015;121:1977–1984. © 2015 American Cancer Society .