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Association between insurance and socioeconomic status and risk of advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults
Author(s) -
Smith Erlyn C.,
Ziogas Argyrios,
AntonCulver Hoda
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.27684
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , socioeconomic status , confidence interval , demography , marital status , logistic regression , young adult , cancer registry , cohort , stage (stratigraphy) , public health , cancer , population , environmental health , pathology , paleontology , sociology , biology
BACKGROUND: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most common types of cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in the United States. Unfortunately, a greater percentage of AYAs are presenting with an advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis compared with their younger counterparts. METHODS: The objective of the current study was to examine the association between possible barriers and characteristics (including gender, race, birthplace, marital status, socioeconomic status [SES], and insurance status) that may increase the risk of advanced stage HL at the time of diagnosis in a large cohort of AYA patients with HL from the California Cancer Registry (7343 incident cases of HL diagnosed from 1988‐2006, between ages 15 years‐40 years). RESULTS: AYAs with advanced stage HL were more likely to be male, of Hispanic or black race/ethnicity, foreign born, single, of lower SES, and uninsured or to have only public health insurance ( P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the odds of having advanced HL in males (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.42‐1.74 [ P < .0001]), those with the lowest SES (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.75 [ P = .0003]), those without health insurance (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34‐2.31 [ P < .0001]), and those with public health insurance (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.71 [ P < .0001]). CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was found between male gender, lower SES, and lack of health insurance and advanced stage HL at the time of diagnosis in AYAs (See editorial on pages 000–000, this issue.) Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.