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Dysfunctional transforming growth factor‐β signaling with constitutively active notch signaling in Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma
Author(s) -
Mendelson Jonathan,
Song Shumei,
Li Ying,
Maru Dipen M.,
Mishra Bibhuti,
Davila Marta,
Hofstetter Wayne L.,
Mishra Lopa
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.25861
Subject(s) - notch signaling pathway , dysfunctional family , medicine , cancer research , transforming growth factor , signal transduction , esophageal adenocarcinoma , adenocarcinoma , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer , receptor , biology , clinical psychology
BACKGROUND: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is often considered to arise from a clonal stem‐like population of cells, which is potentially responsible for its poor prognosis. Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and Notch signaling pathways play important roles in regulating self‐renewal of stem cells and cell‐fate determination. Both pathways are frequently implicated in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. However, their contributions to esophageal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. METHODS: We evaluated TGF‐β and Notch signaling components in normal esophagus, Barrett's esophagus, and adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines via immunohistochemical analysis and immunoblotting; Hes‐1 transcription was assayed using a Hes‐1 luciferase reporter. RESULTS: We observed loss of Smad4 ( P <.05) and β2 spectrin (β2SP) ( P <.01) in 5/10 Barrett's esophagus and 17/22 adenocarcinoma tissue sections. Concomitantly, dramatically raised levels of Notch signaling components Hes1 and Jagged1 occurred in adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines compared with normal tissues. In normal esophagus, Oct3/4‐positive cells are located in the basal layer (2‐3 per cluster), representing a pool of progenitor cells. We observed an expansion of this pool of Oct3/4 positive cells in esophageal adenocarcinoma (15 per cluster). Furthermore, a panel of SOXs proteins documented for stem cell markers exhibit increased expression in tumor cells, indicating expansion of putative cancer stem cells. Finally, we observed growth inhibition in BE3 cells with a γ‐secretase inhibitor, but not in SKGT‐4 cells. Unlike SKGT‐4 cells, BE3 cells have activated Notch signaling with disruption of TGF‐β signaling. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated a potential therapeutic value for targeted therapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma in the setting of loss of β2SP/TGF‐β with concomitant constitutively active Notch signaling. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.