Merkel cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND. Currently, little is known regarding the potential prognostic value of histologic features in primary cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinomas (MCC). METHODS. In a retrospective review of the tumor histology and clinical outcome data (median follow‐up, 51 months; range, 3‐224 months) of 156 patients with a diagnosis of MCC, the following histologic features were evaluated: tumor thickness, tumor size (greatest dimension of the tumor), microanatomic compartment involved by tumor (dermis and/or subcutis and/or deeper), tumor growth pattern (nodular circumscribed vs infiltrative), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor necrosis, ulceration, and solar elastosis. RESULTS. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 67.5%. On univariate analysis, parameters that were associated significantly with survival were tumor thickness ( P = .001), tumor size ( P = .0002), deepest anatomic compartment involved by tumor ( P = .0003), tumor growth pattern ( P = .003), LVI ( P < .00001), tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes ( P = .05), and solar elastosis ( P = .04). On multivariate analysis, the presence of a nodular growth pattern, low tumor depth, and absence of LVI were associated with longer survival. CONCLUSIONS. In addition to the known prognostic value of tumor stage, 3 histologic features were identified to have prognostic significance: tumor thickness (depth of tumor invasion), the presence of LVI, and tumor growth pattern. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.