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Dietary flavonoid intake and lung cancer—A population‐based case‐control study
Author(s) -
Cui Yan,
Morgenstern Hal,
Greenland Sander,
Tashkin Donald P.,
Mao Jenny T.,
Cai Lin,
Cozen Wendy,
Mack Thomas M.,
Lu QingYi,
Zhang ZuoFeng
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.23398
Subject(s) - medicine , lung cancer , odds ratio , quercetin , flavonoid , population , confounding , myricetin , kaempferol , food science , environmental health , biology , antioxidant , biochemistry
BACKGROUND Laboratory studies suggest that flavonoids are antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic. To investigate the associations between commonly consumed flavonoid compounds and lung cancer, the authors conducted a population‐based case–control study of 558 lung cancer cases and a group of 837 controls. METHODS Dietary intakes of flavonoids were estimated by combining the intake frequency (collected by a food frequency questionnaire), portion size, and food composition data. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence limits (95% CLs) with an adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, race‐ethnicity, years of schooling, smoking status, pack‐years of tobacco smoking, and daily energy intake. RESULTS Lung cancer was associated inversely with the consumption of epicatechin (in 10 mg per day increment: OR, 0.64; 95% CL, 0.46–0.88), catechin (4 mg per day increment: OR, 0.49; 95% CL, 0.35–0.70), quercetin (9 mg per day increment: OR, 0.65; 95% CL, 0.44–0.95), and kaempferol (2 mg per day increment: OR, 0.68; 95% CL, 0.51–0.90) among tobacco smokers. There was little association between lung cancer and the flavonoid compounds mentioned above among nonsmokers. Regardless of smoking status, there was little association with total flavonoids: thearubigins, hesperetin, naringenin, and myricetin. In addition, consumption of vegetables, tea, and wine, all of which are rich sources of flavonoids, was associated inversely with lung cancer among tobacco smokers. CONCLUSIONS Certain flavonoid compounds, including epicatechin, catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, were associated inversely with lung cancer among tobacco smokers, but not among nonsmokers. Further studies of these associations may be warranted. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.