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Obesity and hypertension among children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Author(s) -
Chow Eric J.,
Pihoker Catherine,
Hunt Kathryn,
Wilkinson Karen,
Friedman Debra L.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.23050
Subject(s) - medicine , overweight , body mass index , odds ratio , obesity , pediatrics , confidence interval , population , blood pressure , radiation therapy , environmental health
BACKGROUND. The purpose was to determine the prevalence and treatment‐related risk factors for obesity and hypertension among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors treated with contemporary therapy. METHODS. In a single‐center longitudinal study, serial body mass indices (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) measurements of children ages 2–20 at time of ALL diagnosis and enrolled on pediatric cooperative group trials from 1993–2003 were abstracted from medical records and converted to population‐referenced z‐scores. RESULTS. Among 165 study participants, BMI z‐scores increased significantly between diagnosis (median age 4.8 years) and therapy completion. At the end of therapy, 17.0% of survivors were overweight (BMI of 25–29, or 85–94% for age), 21.2% were obese (BMI ≥30, or ≥95% for age), and 15.3% had BP meeting stage 1+ hypertension thresholds (systolic or diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, or 95% for age and height plus 5 mm Hg). These proportions were found to be unchanged 2‐3 years later. In multivariate analysis, the highest level of corticosteroid exposure was associated with both obesity (odds ratio [OR] 6.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2–28.5) as well as stage 1+ hypertension (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2–5.1) compared with the lowest level. Females also were more likely to have increased BMI and elevated BP compared with males. Treatment intensity and cranial radiotherapy were not found to be associated with BMI or BP changes. CONCLUSIONS. Despite reductions in the use of cranial radiotherapy, contemporary childhood survivors of ALL remain at an increased risk of obesity and hypertension at least several years after the completion of treatment, with those exposed to higher doses of corticosteroids at greater risk. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.