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Passive smoking and the use of noncigarette tobacco products in association with risk for pancreatic cancer: A case‐control study
Author(s) -
Hassan Manal M.,
Abbruzzese James L.,
Bondy Melissa L.,
Wolff Robert A.,
Vauthey JeanNicolas,
Pisters Peter W.,
Evans Douglas B.,
Khan Rabia,
Lenzi Renato,
Jiao Li,
Li Donghui
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.22724
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , pancreatic cancer , confounding , confidence interval , case control study , snuff , passive smoking , logistic regression , cancer , population , environmental health , pathology
BACKGROUND. The associations between passive smoking and the use of noncigarette tobacco products with pancreatic cancer are not clear. METHODS. In this case‐control study, the authors collected information on passive smoking and the use of noncigarette tobacco products in 808 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 808 healthy controls by personal interview. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS. The results confirmed the previously reported association between active smoking and increased risk for pancreatic cancer. The AOR was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4–2.2) for regular smokers, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.4–2.4) for long‐term smokers, and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.2–4.3) for former smokers. Although passive smoking showed a nonsignificantly elevated risk for pancreatic cancer in the entire study population (AOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9–1.7), the association was present among ever smokers (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.03–2.6) but was absent among never smokers (AOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8–1.6). Neither intensity nor duration of passive smoking modified the risk of pancreatic cancer among never smokers. The use of chewing tobacco, snuff, and pipes showed no significant risk elevation for pancreatic cancer after controlling for the confounding effects of demographics and other known risk factors. The use of cigars in never smokers showed a borderline significant increase of risk for pancreatic cancer (AOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0–4.7; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS. The current observations did not support a role for passive smoking or the use of noncigarette tobacco products in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. The association between cigar use and the risk of pancreatic cancer needs to be confirmed in other study populations. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.