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The influence of increasing age on the deliverability and toxicity of fludarabine‐based combination chemotherapy regimens in patients with indolent lymphoproliferative disorders
Author(s) -
Polizzotto Mark N.,
Tam Constantine S.,
Milner Alvin,
Januszewicz E. Henry,
Prince H. Miles,
Westerman David,
Wolf Max M.,
Seymour John F.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.22022
Subject(s) - medicine , fludarabine , neutropenia , toxicity , chemotherapy , lymphoproliferative disorders , absolute neutrophil count , cohort , gastroenterology , surgery , cyclophosphamide , lymphoma
BACKGROUND. Fludarabine‐based combination chemotherapy regimens are highly effective in the treatment of patients with indolent lymphoproliferative disorders. Despite the prevalence of such disorders in older patients, the effect of increasing age on the deliverability of these regimes has not been assessed. METHODS. The authors analyzed the effect of increasing age on the deliverability and toxicity of 3 fludarabine‐based regimens, all using fludarabine 25 mg/m 2 per day for 3 days intravenously every 28 days, in 180 patients who were stratified into 2 age groups (age <60 years and age ≥60 years), with multivariate analysis to control for other differences between groups. The authors also explored the impact of age ≥70 years within the older cohort. RESULTS. Older patients were more likely to experience an episode of nonsevere hematologic or infectious toxicity, but there was no difference in the rate of severe toxicity. Toxicity rates per cycle did not differ between age groups. The rates of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC], <1.0 × 10 9 /L) and severe neutropenia (ANC, 0.5 × 10 9 /L) were 22% and 13%, respectively, in older patients versus 20% and 11%, respectively, in younger patients ( P >.1 for both). The rates of thrombocytopenia (platelet count, <100 × 10 9 /L) and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count, <50 × 10 9 /L) were 21% and 5%, respectively, in older patients and 16% and 5%, respectively, in younger patients (each P value >.1). The rate of infection was 18% per cycle in older patients and 15% per cycle in younger patients ( P = .2), with no difference noted in severity. Other organ toxicities were uncommon and showed no difference between age groups. The treatment‐related mortality rate was <1% in both cohorts ( P >.5). In multivariate analysis, increasing age and performance status influenced the incidence of hematologic toxicity, whereas only performance status influenced the rate of infection and severe infection. CONCLUSIONS. Fludarabine‐based combination chemotherapy regimens were well tolerated and can be delivered safely to older patients who have a good performance status with modestly increased myelosuppression but no increase in severe infectious complications or treatment‐related mortality. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.