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Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking
Author(s) -
Chen Zhi,
Robison Leslie,
Giller Roger,
Krailo Mark,
Davis Mary,
Gardner Kathleen,
Davies Stella,
Shu XiaoOu
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.052
H-Index - 304
eISSN - 1097-0142
pISSN - 0008-543X
DOI - 10.1002/cncr.20894
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , random digit dialing , confidence interval , pregnancy , passive smoking , etiology , case control study , germ cell tumors , pediatrics , demography , environmental health , population , chemotherapy , sociology , biology , genetics
BACKGROUND The etiology of childhood germ cell tumors (GCT) is not well understood. The Children's Oncology Group conducted the largest case–control study of childhood GCT to investigate whether parental exposures to smoking and alcohol contributed to the disease. METHODS Cases included 274 children with GCT diagnosed between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2001 who were age < 15 years. Controls ( n = 421) were selected by random digit dialing and were frequency matched based on gender, age (±1 year), and geographic area. Exposure information was collected from subjects' parents using independent telephone interviews and self‐administrated questionnaires. RESULTS No association was found between parental smoking or drinking alcohol and risk of childhood GCT (for smoking: odds ratio [OR] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.8–1.3 and OR = 1.2, 95% CI, 0.9–1.5, for mothers and fathers, respectively; for drinking: OR = 0.9, 95% CI, 0.7–1.2 and OR = 1.0, 95% CI, 0.8–1.3, for mothers and fathers, respectively). No significant trend was observed for length of maternal exposure to passive smoking during the index pregnancy and GCT risk (for total subject: P = 0.77; boys: P = 0.52; girls: P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS The authors found no evidence that childhood GCT was related to prenatal exposure to parental cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and maternal passive smoking. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.