Open AccessDopant and Current Rate Dependence on the Structural Evolution of P2‐Na 2/3 Mn 0.8 Zn 0.1 M 0.1 O 2 ( M =Cu, Ti): An Operando Study
Author(s) -
Stansby Jennifer H.,
Sharma Neeraj,
Avdeev Maxim,
Brand Helen E. A.,
Gonzalo Elena,
Drewett Nicholas E.,
OrtizVitoriano Nagore,
Rojo Teófilo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemistry ‐ methods
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2628-9725
DOI - 10.1002/cmtd.202000075
Subject(s) - electrochemistry , ion , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , oxygen evolution , current (fluid) , crystallography , chemistry , electrode , thermodynamics , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography
Variable current rate operando XRD experiments were performed on the P2‐ Na 2/3 Mn 0.8 Zn 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 2 composition, which displays promising electrochemical properties. The data reveals the reversible formation of a new and previously undetected ordering reflection upon extraction of Na‐ions, and that small compositional alterations may dramatically impact structural evolution and electrochemical properties. For P2‐ Na 2/3 Mn 0.8 Zn 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 2 at all current rates examined (25, 50 and 100 mA.g −1 ), comparable structural evolution on charge is observed, but the structural evolution on discharge is shown to be significantly influenced by the current applied during the preceding charge step. For both P2‐ Na 2/3 Mn 0.8 Zn 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 2 and P2‐ Na 2/3 Mn 0.8 Zn 0.1 Ti 0.1 O 2 comparable structural evolution is observed only at a slower current rate of 25 mA.g −1 . Overall, the structural evolution of these layered materials is shown to be dependent on the cycling history, highlighting the significance of applied current rate during cycling, especially during the initial cycle.