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Structure, Synthesis and Inhibition Mechanism of Nucleoside Analogues as HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Author(s) -
Yoshida Yuki,
Honma Masakazu,
Kimura Yasuaki,
Abe Hiroshi
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemmedchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.817
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1860-7187
pISSN - 1860-7179
DOI - 10.1002/cmdc.202000695
Subject(s) - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor , reverse transcriptase , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , virology , nucleoside analogue , medicine , nucleoside , drug , drug resistance , antiretroviral drug , biology , pharmacology , antiretroviral therapy , rna , viral load , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , gene
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although treatments against HIV infection are available, AIDS remains a serious disease that causes many deaths annually. Although a variety of anti‐HIV drugs have been synthesized and marketed to treat HIV‐infected patients, nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which mimic nucleosides, are used extensively and remain a subject of interest to medicinal chemists. However, HIV has acquired drug resistance against NRTIs, and thus the struggle to find novel therapies continues. In this review, we trace the trajectory of NRTIs, focusing on the synthesis, mechanisms of action and applications of NRTIs that have been developed.