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Triphenylphosphonium (TPP)‐Based Antioxidants: A New Perspective on Antioxidant Design
Author(s) -
Wang Jiayao Y.,
Li Jiaqi Q.,
Xiao Yumei M.,
Fu Bin,
Qin Zhaohai H.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chemmedchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.817
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1860-7187
pISSN - 1860-7179
DOI - 10.1002/cmdc.201900695
Subject(s) - mitochondrion , reactive oxygen species , antioxidant , oxidative phosphorylation , oxidative damage , chemistry , biochemistry , inner mitochondrial membrane , oxidative stress , moiety , cell , programmed cell death , apoptosis , stereochemistry
Mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction contribute to a wide range of human diseases. Considering the limitation of conventional antioxidants and that mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce oxidative damage, mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants which can selectively block mitochondrial oxidative damage and prevent various types of cell death have been widely developed. As a lipophilic cation, triphenylphosphonium (TPP) has been commonly used in designing mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants. Conjugated with the TPP moiety, antioxidants can achieve more than 1000‐fold higher mitochondrial concentration depending on cell membrane potentials and mitochondrial membrane potentials. Herein we discuss the deficiencies of conventional antioxidants and the advantages of mitochondrial targeting, and review various types of TPP‐based mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants. These provide theoretical and background support for the design of new anti‐oxidant.