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Selectively Guanidinylated Aminoglycosides as Antibiotics
Author(s) -
Fair Richard J.,
Hensler Mary E.,
Thienphrapa Wdee,
Dam Quang N.,
Nizet Victor,
Tor Yitzhak
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
chemmedchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.817
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1860-7187
pISSN - 1860-7179
DOI - 10.1002/cmdc.201200150
Subject(s) - antibiotics , sisomicin , aminoglycoside , chemistry , staphylococcus aureus , combinatorial chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , guanidine , bacteria , biochemistry , biology , gentamicin , genetics , tobramycin
The emergence of virulent, drug‐resistant bacterial strains coupled with a minimal output of new pharmaceutical agents to combat them makes this a critical time for antibacterial research. Aminoglycosides are a well‐studied, highly potent class of naturally occurring antibiotics with scaffolds amenable to modification, and therefore, they provide an excellent starting point for the development of semisynthetic, next‐generation compounds. To explore the potential of this approach, we synthesized a small library of aminoglycoside derivatives selectively and minimally modified at one or two positions with a guanidine group replacing the corresponding amine or hydroxy functionality. Most guanidino‐aminoglycosides showed increased affinity for the ribosomal decoding rRNA site, the cognate biological target of the natural products, when compared with their parent antibiotics, as measured by an in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) A‐site binding assay. Additionally, certain analogues showed improved minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against resistant bacterial strains, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An amikacin derivative holds particular promise with activity greater than or equal to the parent antibiotic in the majority of bacterial strains tested.