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Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Glutamic Acid Homologues and Investigation of Their Pharmacological Profiles
Author(s) -
Conti Paola,
Pinto Andrea,
Tamborini Lucia,
Grazioso Giovanni,
De Sarro Giovambattista,
BräunerOsborne Hans,
Szabo Geza,
Gábor Hársing László,
De Micheli Carlo
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
chemmedchem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.817
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1860-7187
pISSN - 1860-7179
DOI - 10.1002/cmdc.200700118
Subject(s) - chemistry , metabotropic glutamate receptor , stereochemistry , phosphonate , moiety , glutamic acid , nmda receptor , selectivity , antagonist , ligand (biochemistry) , carboxylate , amino acid , receptor , biochemistry , catalysis
Abstract Homologation of the glutamic acid chain together with conformational constraint is a commonly used strategy to achieve selectivity towards different types of glutamate receptors. We investigated the effects of a further increase in the distance between the amino acid moiety and the distal carboxylate group of model compounds (±)‐ 1 and (±)‐ 2 on their activity/selectivity profiles. We therefore synthesized new derivatives (±)‐ 3 –(±)‐ 6 , which are homologues of glutamic acid containing three additional carbon units. Moreover, because the potency of NMDA antagonists can be markedly increased by replacing the distal carboxylate with the bioisosteric phosphonate group, we also prepared the corresponding phosphonate derivatives (±)‐ 7 –(±)‐ 10 . All new compounds were submitted to binding assays with iGluRs, and derivatives (±)‐ 3 –(±)‐ 6 were also tested in second messenger assays at representative mGluR subtypes. All the applied structural modifications were detrimental to the interaction with NMDA receptors. Conversely, structural variation of the nonselective mGluR ligand (±)‐ 2 led to derivative (±)‐ 5 , which behaved as a selective group I metabotropic receptor antagonist. Notably, upon i.c.v. administration in DBA/2 mice, amino acid (±)‐ 5 produced a significant protection against audiogenic seizures, whereas it was inactive after i.p. administration.