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The neuronal and actin commitment: Why do neurons need rings?
Author(s) -
Leite Sérgio Carvalho,
Sousa Mónica Mendes
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
cytoskeleton
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.95
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1949-3592
pISSN - 1949-3584
DOI - 10.1002/cm.21273
Subject(s) - biology , actin remodeling of neurons , actin remodeling , actin , actin cytoskeleton , axon , dendritic spine , cytoskeleton , neuroscience , microbiology and biotechnology , cofilin , growth cone , cell , biochemistry , hippocampal formation
The role of the actin cytoskeleton in neurons has been extensively studied in actin‐enriched compartments such as the growth cone and dendritic spines. The recent discovery of actin rings in the axon shaft and in dendrites, together with the identification of axon actin trails, has advanced our understanding on actin organization and dynamics in neurons. However, specifically in the case of actin rings, the mechanisms regulating their nucleation and assembly, and the functions that they may exert in axons and dendrites remain largely unexplored. Here we discuss the possible structural, mechanistic and functional properties of the subcortical neuronal cytoskeleton putting the current knowledge in perspective with the information available on actin rings formed in other biological contexts, and with the organization of actin‐spectrin lattices in other cell types. The detailed analysis of these novel neuronal actin ring structures, together with the elucidation of the function of actin‐binding proteins in neuron biology, has a large potential to uncover new mechanisms of neuronal function under normal conditions that may have impact in our understanding of axon degeneration and regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.