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Myosin Id is required for planar cell polarity in ciliated tracheal and ependymal epithelial cells
Author(s) -
Hegan Peter S.,
Ostertag Eric,
Geurts Aron M.,
Mooseker Mark S.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
cytoskeleton
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.95
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1949-3592
pISSN - 1949-3584
DOI - 10.1002/cm.21259
Subject(s) - cilium , basal body , axoneme , motile cilium , biology , ependymal cell , anatomy , microbiology and biotechnology , microtubule , flagellum , cell polarity , actin , cell , neuroscience , biochemistry , gene , central nervous system
In wild type (WT) tracheal epithelial cells, ciliary basal bodies are oriented such that all cilia on the cell surface beat in the same upward direction. This precise alignment of basal bodies and, as a result, the ciliary axoneme, is termed rotational planar cell polarity (PCP). Rotational PCP in the multi‐ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea is perturbed in rats lacking myosin Id (Myo1d). Myo1d is localized in the F‐actin and basal body rich subapical cortex of the ciliated tracheal epithelial cell. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Myo1d knock out (KO) trachea revealed that the unidirectional bending pattern is disrupted. Instead, cilia splay out in a disordered, often radial pattern. Measurement of the alignment axis of the central pair axonemal microtubules was much more variable in the KO, another indicator that rotational PCP is perturbed. The asymmetric localization of the PCP core protein Vangl1 is lost. Both the velocity and linearity of cilia‐driven movement of beads above the tracheal mucosal surface was impaired in the Myo1d KO. Multi‐ciliated brain ependymal epithelial cells exhibit a second form of PCP termed translational PCP in which basal bodies and attached cilia are clustered at the anterior side of the cell. The precise asymmetric clustering of cilia is disrupted in the ependymal cells of the Myo1d KO rat. While basal body clustering is maintained, left‐right positioning of the clusters is lost. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.