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Podosomes in adhesion, migration, mechanosensing and matrix remodeling
Author(s) -
Schachtner Hannah,
Calaminus Simon D. J.,
Thomas Steven G.,
Machesky Laura M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
cytoskeleton
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.95
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1949-3592
pISSN - 1949-3584
DOI - 10.1002/cm.21119
Subject(s) - podosome , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , cytoskeleton , actin , actin cytoskeleton , matrix (chemical analysis) , cell adhesion , extracellular matrix , invadopodia , cell , chemistry , biochemistry , genetics , chromatography , cancer , cancer cell
Cells use various actin‐based motile structures to allow them to move across and through matrix of varying density and composition. Podosomes are actin cytoskeletal structures that form in motile cells and that mediate adhesion to substrate, migration, and other specialized functions such as transmigration through cell and matrix barriers. The podosome is a unique and interesting entity, which appears in the light microscope as an individual punctum, but is linked to other podosomes like a node on a network of the underlying cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss the signals that control podosome assembly and dynamics in different cell types and the actin organising proteins that regulate both the inner actin core and integrin‐rich surrounding ring structures. We review the structure and composition of podosomes and also their functions in various cell types of both myeloid and endothelial lineage. We also discuss the emerging idea that podosomes can sense matrix stiffness and enable cells to respond to their environment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.