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The Limiting Factor to the Outbreak of Lake Black Bloom: Roles of Ferrous Iron and Sulfide Ions
Author(s) -
Shen Qiushi,
Fan Chengxin,
Liu Cheng,
Chen Chao
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
clean – soil, air, water
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1863-0669
pISSN - 1863-0650
DOI - 10.1002/clen.201800305
Subject(s) - bloom , eutrophication , algal bloom , ferrous , environmental chemistry , limiting , sulfide , environmental science , chemistry , oceanography , geology , phytoplankton , nutrient , mechanical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering
Algae‐induced black bloom, a kind of black water phenomenon in some severe eutrophic lake areas, is characterized by a black color and offensive odor and is one of the most serious environmental problems in certain eutrophic shallow freshwater lakes in China. Ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), soluble inorganic sulfides (ΣS 2− , ΣS 2− = S 2− + HS − + H 2 S), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the overlying water are presumed to be directly related to the formation of black blooms. In this study, the algae‐induced black bloom in Lake Taihu, China, is simulated in the laboratory by using a large‐scale lake process simulation apparatus. Changes in the characteristics of Fe 2+ , ΣS 2− , DO, pH, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) are investigated during the entire black bloom formation period. Results show that black blooms occurr in water columns with high Fe 2+ and ΣS 2− , but not in water columns with high Fe 2+ and low ΣS 2− , or low Fe 2+ and ΣS 2− . During the formation of black bloom, Fe 2+ increases quickly as DO decreases but starts to decrease before the outbreak of black bloom. ΣS 2− concentrations only increase sharply 12 h before the outbreak. Both Fe 2+ and ΣS 2− , affected by oxic and redox conditions, respectively, contribute to the formation of black bloom. However, ΣS 2− is confirmed to be the limiting factor directly controlling the outbreak of the black bloom.