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Synthesis of Non‐Toxic Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer by Esterification of Renewable Citric Acid Using Modified Zeolite
Author(s) -
Nandiwale Kakasaheb Y.,
Borikar Sanjay P.,
Bokade Vijay V.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clean – soil, air, water
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1863-0669
pISSN - 1863-0650
DOI - 10.1002/clen.201400189
Subject(s) - plasticizer , citric acid , tec , zeolite , crystallinity , catalysis , chemistry , reusability , nuclear chemistry , yield (engineering) , ethanol , organic chemistry , materials science , composite material , ionosphere , physics , software , astronomy , computer science , programming language , crystallography
Triethyl citrate (TEC), a non‐toxic plasticizer, was synthesized by esterification of renewable citric acid (CA, from entire waste of oranges) with ethanol over modified H‐ZSM‐5 (HZ‐5) zeolite. Different micro–meso composites (M‐HZ‐5) with varying crystallinities were prepared by alkaline treatment of HZ‐5. M‐HZ‐5 0.6 (87% crystallinity) was observed to be a potential and environmentally benign catalyst with 96% CA conversion, 64% TEC selectivity (61.44% TEC yield), and a reusability of six cycles. The probable catalytic mechanism of esterification was also proposed.