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The Effects of Environmental Conditions on Concentration and Emission of Ammonia in Chicken Farms during Summer Season
Author(s) -
Simsek Ercan,
Kilic Ilker,
Yaslioglu Erkan,
Arici Ismet
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
clean – soil, air, water
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1863-0669
pISSN - 1863-0650
DOI - 10.1002/clen.201200270
Subject(s) - relative humidity , ammonia , environmental science , airflow , humidity , ventilation (architecture) , zoology , volumetric flow rate , atmospheric sciences , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , environmental engineering , meteorology , environmental chemistry , geography , physics , biology , thermodynamics , organic chemistry
This paper presents a field study conducted in northwest Turkey and characterizes the NH 3 concentration and emission measured in summer season from three chicken farms. The influence of environmental conditions on NH 3 concentration and emission was also investigated in this study. Ammonia concentration, temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate were continuously recorded for four sequential days. The environmental conditions were measured using a multifunction temperature and humidity‐meter with a hot wire probe. Portable multiple gas detectors with electro‐chemical sensors were used to measure NH 3 concentration. The NH 3 emission rates for houses were calculated by multiplying simultaneously measured NH 3 concentrations and air flow rates. The average daily mean (ADM) house concentrations of house 1 (H1), house 2 (H2), and house 3 (H3) were measured as 4.43, 3.71, and 6.20 ppm, respectively. NH 3 concentration was inversely proportional to temperature ( r = −0.279), relative humidity ( r = −0.063) and airflow rate ( r = −0.554) for all monitored houses. The ADM house NH 3 emission was 135 g/(h house) for H1, 255 g/(h house) for H2, and 117 g/(h house) for H3. The combined average emission rate in this study (0.26 g/(d bird)) was lower than the emission rate measured in chicken farms in the USA. However, our results were comparable to rates calculated in European studies because house design, ventilation system and bird diet applied in Turkish chicken farms are very similar to those employed in European countries. The NH 3 emissions were significantly correlated to NH 3 concentrations ( r = 0.45, p ≤ 0.001) and airflow rates ( r = 0.97, p ≤ 0.001). A clear diurnal pattern was obtained for NH 3 concentrations rather than NH 3 emissions at the end of the study.