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A New Soil Sampling Design in Coastal Saline Region Using EM38 and VQT Method
Author(s) -
Yao Rongjiang,
Yang Jingsong,
Zhao Xiufang,
Chen Xiaobing,
Han Jianjun,
Li Xiaoming,
Liu Meixian,
Shao Hongbo
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
clean – soil, air, water
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1863-0669
pISSN - 1863-0650
DOI - 10.1002/clen.201100741
Subject(s) - sampling (signal processing) , environmental science , soil salinity , soil science , precision agriculture , sampling design , spatial variability , spatial distribution , soil water , salinity , remote sensing , computer science , statistics , mathematics , agriculture , ecology , geology , population , demography , computer vision , filter (signal processing) , sociology , biology
Spatial sampling design based on the variability and distribution of soil properties is an important issue with the progress in precision agriculture and soil ecology. Electromagnetic induction (type EM38) and variance quad‐tree (VQT) method were both applied to optimize the sampling scheme of soil salinity in a coastal reclamation field in north Jiangsu Province, China. Apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC a ) measured with EM38 was used as an ancillary variable and the spatial distribution of EC a was used as priori information. The process and result of VQT algorithm analysis was illustrated and the obtained sampling strategy was validated using observed soil salinity. Then the spatial precision and sampling efficiency were evaluated. The result indicated that the spatial distribution of soil salinity produced with the VQT scheme was quite similar to that produced with total sampling sites, while sampling quantity of the former was reduced to approximately 1/2 of the latter. The spatial precision of VQT scheme was considerably higher than that of traditional grid method with respect to the same sampling number, and fewer samples were required for VQT scheme to obtain the same precision level. A 17.3% increase in sampling efficiency was achieved by VQT over grid method at the precision level of 90%. The VQT method was proved to be more efficient and economical because it can sample intensively or sparsely according to variation status in local areas. The associated application of EM38 and VQT method provides efficient tools and theoretical basis for saving sampling cost and improving sampling efficiency in coastal saline region and enriching soil ecology.