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Phytoremediation of Pyrene Contaminated Soils by Different Plant Species
Author(s) -
D'Orazio Valeria,
Ghanem Alaà,
Senesi Nicola
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
clean – soil, air, water
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1863-0669
pISSN - 1863-0650
DOI - 10.1002/clen.201100653
Subject(s) - phytoremediation , pyrene , lolium perenne , environmental chemistry , medicago sativa , rhizosphere , soil water , brassica , chemistry , soil contamination , pollutant , contamination , environmental science , agronomy , biology , perennial plant , ecology , soil science , heavy metals , genetics , organic chemistry , bacteria
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present serious problems in the environment because they may affect negatively human health and alter native ecological communities. Phytoremediation has long been recognized as an efficient method of eliminating PAH pollutants from soil. A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions to investigate the capability of three plant species, Medicago sativa , Brassica napus , and Lolium perenne , to promote the degradation of pyrene by measuring their growth on pyrene‐contaminated soils. After 90 days, pyrene concentration in soils declined by 32, 30, and 28%, respectively, with M. sativa , B. napus , and L. perenne , whereas it decreased only by 18% in the control soil without plants. These results indicated that pyrene was successfully removed by plants used. In particular, M. sativa showed the highest capacity for pyrene dissipation in soil, whereas L. perenne was more efficient in limiting adverse effects of pyrene contamination. In addition, the contaminant pyrene was undetectable in shoots and roots of the three species, likely because plant roots can stimulate soil microbial biomass and oxygen transport to the rhizosphere, thus facilitating indirectly the degradation process of pyrene. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the possible adsorption of pyrene to soil organic matter.