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Optimization for the Production of Ammonia from Urea in a Semi‐batch Reactor for Safe Feedstock in Power Plants: Experimental and Statistical Studies
Author(s) -
Sahu Jaya N.,
Meikap Bhim C.,
Patwardhan Anand V.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
clean – soil, air, water
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.444
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1863-0669
pISSN - 1863-0650
DOI - 10.1002/clen.201000028
Subject(s) - ammonia , urea , flue gas , chemistry , raw material , batch reactor , response surface methodology , pulp and paper industry , ammonia production , ammonia volatilization from urea , nitrogen , hydrolysis , materials science , waste management , chromatography , catalysis , organic chemistry , engineering
Urea hydrolysis for production of ammonia, in different application areas require safe use of ammonia, for removal of the NO x contaminates contained in a flue gas stream and increase in the efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator for the removal of fly ash from the flue gas stream. The single and combined effects of operating parameters such as initial feed concentrations, temperatures, reaction times, and stirring speeds on the production of ammonia from urea were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value ( R 2 = 0.967) and satisfactory prediction second order regression model was derived. The optimum production conditions determined for semi‐batch reactor were temperature 178°C, initial feed concentration 22.24 wt% of urea, time of reaction 43.2 min and stirring speed 1045 rpm. At optimum conversion conditions, the conversion of urea for production of ammonia was found to be ≥13%.