Open AccessMortality Implications of Angina and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: New Data From Extended Follow‐up of the International Verapamil/Trandolapril Study ( INVEST )
Author(s) -
Winchester David E.,
CooperDeHoff Rhonda M.,
Gong Yan,
Handberg Eileen M.,
Pepine Carl J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
clinical cardiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.263
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-8737
pISSN - 0160-9289
DOI - 10.1002/clc.22145
Subject(s) - medicine , angina , hazard ratio , cardiology , coronary artery disease , trandolapril , myocardial infarction , blood pressure , confidence interval , heart failure , proportional hazards model , unstable angina , ace inhibitor , angiotensin converting enzyme
Background Angina and hypertension are common in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ); however, the effect on mortality is unclear. We conducted this prespecified analysis of the International Verapamil/Trandolapril Study ( INVEST ) to assess relationships between angina, blood pressure ( BP ), and mortality among elderly, hypertensive CAD patients. Hypothesis Angina and elevated BP will be associated with higher mortality. Methods Extended follow‐up was performed using the National Death Index for INVEST patients in the United States (n = 16 951). Based on angina history at enrollment and during follow‐up visits, patients were divided into groups: persistent angina (n = 7184), new‐onset angina (n = 899), resolved angina (n = 4070), and never angina (n = 4798). Blood pressure was evaluated at baseline, during drug titration, and during follow‐up on‐treatment. On‐treatment systolic BP was classified as tightly controlled (<130 mm Hg), controlled (130–139 mm Hg), or uncontrolled (≥140 mm Hg). A Cox proportional hazards model was created adjusting for age, heart failure, diabetes, renal impairment, myocardial infarction, stroke, and smoking. The angina groups and BP control groups were compared using the never‐angina group as the reference. Results Only in the persistent‐angina group was a significant association with mortality observed, with an apparent protective effect (hazard ratio: 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.75‐0.89, P < 0.0001). Uncontrolled BP was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio: 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.20‐1.40, P < 0.0001), as were several other known cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions In hypertensive CAD patients, persistent angina was associated with lower mortality. The observed effect was small compared with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as BP , which were associated with increased mortality.