Open AccessEffects of Insulin Dependence on Inflammatory Process, Thrombotic Mechanisms and Endothelial Function, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Author(s) -
Antoniades Charalambos,
Tousoulis Dimitris,
Marinou Kyriakoula,
Papageorgiou Nikos,
Bosinakou Erini,
Tsioufis Costas,
Stefanadi Elli,
Latsios George,
Tentolouris Costas,
Siasos Gerasimos,
Stefanadis Christodoulos
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
clinical cardiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.263
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1932-8737
pISSN - 0160-9289
DOI - 10.1002/clc.20101
Subject(s) - medicine , insulin , type 2 diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , coronary artery disease , endothelial dysfunction , diabetes mellitus , endothelium , type 2 diabetes
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, increased thrombogeneisity and abnormal inflammatory response. Hypothesis We hypothesizsed that insulin dependence/exogenous insulin administration may affect thrombotic/inflammatory status and endothelial function in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Fifty‐five patients with T2DM + CAD (26 insulin‐treated (INS) and 29 under oral biguanide + sulphonylurea (TABL)) were recruited. Endothelial function was assessed by gauge‐strain plethysmography, and serum levels of inflammatory and thrombotic markers were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results There was no significant difference in endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) between the study groups, while EDD was correlated with fasting glucose levels in both INS (r = − 0.776, p = 0.0001) and TABL (r = − 0.702, p = 0.0001). Patients in INS group had higher levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM‐1), compared to TABL. However, TNF‐α was negatively correlated with protein C (PrtC) only in INS (r = − 0.726, p = 0.01) but not in TABL group (r = − 0.066, p = 0.738). Similarly, sVCAM‐1 was correlated with PrtC only among INS patients (r = − 0.451, p = 0.046) but not in TABL (r = 0.069, p = 0.727). In multivariate analysis, insulin dependence was a predictor of IL‐6, TNF‐α, MCP‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels independently from the patients' demographic characteristics, the angiographic extend of CAD or the duration of diabetes. Conclusions Insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus affects the expression of inflammatory cytokines and subsequently modifies the thrombotic mechanisms in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, independently from the duration of diabetes and the extend of coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.