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Dehydration of Carbohydrates to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Ionic Liquids Catalyzed by Hexachlorotriphosphazene
Author(s) -
Song Jinliang,
Zhang Binbin,
Shi Jinghua,
Ma Jun,
Yang Guanying,
Han Buxing
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
chinese journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 41
eISSN - 1614-7065
pISSN - 1001-604X
DOI - 10.1002/cjoc.201200691
Subject(s) - chemistry , ionic liquid , catalysis , dehydration , yield (engineering) , fructose , solvent , chloride , inulin , substrate (aquarium) , sucrose , organic chemistry , dehydration reaction , molecule , nuclear chemistry , food science , metallurgy , geology , biochemistry , materials science , oceanography
Development of efficient catalysts for the dehydration of carbohydrates to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a very attractive topic. In this work, dehydration of fructose catalyzed by three organic molecules, including hexachlorotriphosphazene (N 3 P 3 Cl 6 ), trichloromelamine (C 3 N 6 H 3 Cl 3 ) and N ‐bromosuccinimide (NBS), was studied in ionic liquids. It was discovered that the three organic molecules had high activity in accelerating the dehydration of fructose and N 3 P 3 Cl 6 was the most efficient catalyst among them. The effects of amount of catalysts, temperature, solvents, reaction time, and substrate/solvent weight ratio on the reaction were investigated using N 3 P 3 Cl 6 as the catalyst and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as the solvent. It was demonstrated that the N 3 P 3 Cl 6 /[Bmim]Cl catalytic system was very effective for catalyzing the reaction. The yield of HMF could reach 92.8% in 20 min at the optimized conditions and the N 3 P 3 Cl 6 /[Bmim]Cl system could be reused. Further study indicated that the N 3 P 3 Cl 6 /[Bmim]Cl system was also effective for the dehydration of sucrose and inulin and satisfactory yield could be obtained at suitable conditions.