Determination of Amantadine Residue in Honey by Solid‐phase Extraction and High‐performance Liquid Chromatography with Pre‐column Derivatization and Fluorometric Detection

Amantadine (AMA) is an anti‐viral drug used in apiculture to protect honeybee against the sacbrood virus ( Morator aetatulae ). This study described a reliable high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for analyzing AMA in honey using a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge (Plexa PCX) for purification, 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐F) as a pre‐column derivatization agent, and fluorometric detection ( λ ex =470 nm, λ em =530 nm). The chromatographic separation was performed on an XDB C18 column (150×4.6 mm i.d.) using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile (35:65, V / V ) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min −1 with a run time of 20 min. Under these optimal conditions, a linear relationship was observed in the range of 0.025–1.0 µg· mL −1 with a good correlation coefficient (0.998) and low limit of detection (0.0080 µg·g −1 ), the recoveries were all above 90%, and the intra‐day and inter‐day precision (RSD) ranged from 3.4%–5.1%.