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Shape‐controlled Synthesis of Nanostructure Ramsdellite‐type Manganese Oxide at Atmospheric Pressure
Author(s) -
Qiu Guohong,
Wang Jun,
Zhao Wei,
Feng Xionghan,
Tan Wenfeng,
Zhang Qin,
Liu Fan
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
chinese journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 41
eISSN - 1614-7065
pISSN - 1001-604X
DOI - 10.1002/cjoc.201090380
Subject(s) - chemistry , manganese , hydrochloric acid , oxidizing agent , inorganic chemistry , dissolution , transmission electron microscopy , scanning electron microscope , microstructure , nanorod , nuclear chemistry , chemical engineering , crystallography , organic chemistry , materials science , engineering , composite material
Ramsdellite (R‐MnO 2 ) was prepared by oxidizing bivalent manganese salts, such as MnCl 2 , MnSO 4 and Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , with NaClO solution using a refluxing process at atmospheric pressure. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flame photometry. R‐MnO 2 microstructure and morphology were controlled by adjusting reaction temperature, the amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and anions of bivalent manganese salts. Ramsdellite grain was formed with three different bivalent manganese salts oxidized by NaClO solution at 60°C, and increased with the increase of reflux temperature. R‐MnO 2 nanorod and nanowire crystals were obtained when MnCl 2 and MnSO 4 were used as bivalent manganese salts at 100°C respectively. Nanosized flake of R‐MnO 2 came into being when Mn(NO 3 ) 2 was applied at 80°C. When 30 mmol MnCl 2 was oxidized by 60 mmol NaClO solution with adding 20 mmol HCl in refluxing solution, specific surface area of R‐MnO 2 grain obtained at 60°C was greater than 140 m 2 /g, and the self‐assembly of nanorod bundles into interesting flowerlike architectures was achieved at 100°C. The process of dissolution‐precipitation equilibrium might be the primary cause for the morphology transformation.