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Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Malononitrile Catalyzed by Palladium N ‐ Heterocyclic Carbene Complex System
Author(s) -
Gao ChengWei,
Tao XiaoChun,
Liu TaoPing,
Huang JiLing,
Qian YanLong
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
chinese journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 41
eISSN - 1614-7065
pISSN - 1001-604X
DOI - 10.1002/cjoc.20020200904
Subject(s) - malononitrile , chemistry , iodobenzene , palladium , catalysis , carbene , aryl , medicinal chemistry , organic chemistry , polymer chemistry , alkyl
Eight N ‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), generated in situ from their imidazolium salts, as ligands of palladium complexes were used for the catalytic coupling of iodobenzene with malononitrile anion. It was found that 1,3‐bis (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) ‐imidazolium chloride (IMesHCl)‐Pd 2 (dba) 3 catalytic system has the highest activity to obtain phenyl malononitrile among the imidazolium salts. The substituted iodoarenes reacted with malononitrile anions by using the catalytic system to give cross‐coupling products in yields from 50% to 96%.