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Effect of soluble ash components on the viscosity of lignite‐water mixtures
Author(s) -
Sadler L. Y.,
Bethany B. A.
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
the canadian journal of chemical engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.404
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1939-019X
pISSN - 0008-4034
DOI - 10.1002/cjce.5450650123
Subject(s) - chemistry , viscosity , divalent , aqueous solution , yield (engineering) , alkali metal , ion exchange , inorganic chemistry , ion , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , materials science , metallurgy , physics , engineering
The removal of multivalent cations from lignite‐water mixtures (LWM) was shown to lower mixture apparent viscosity by a factor of about 40, for example, at 100 s −1 by reducing both the yield stress and plastic viscosity. The cations Ca ++ , Mg ++ , Al +++ , K + , and Na + , among others, were found to be present in the aqueous phase of the LWM in concentrations ranging from 546 ppm to 8 ppm. The primary anions present were CI − and SO 4 = . The degree to which the cations affected viscosity were of order trivalent > divalent > monovalent. The nature of the anion was found to be relatively unimportant. A process utilizing ion‐exchange resins for removing multivalent cations to produce low viscosity lignite‐water or coal‐water mixtures is described.