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Experimental Methods in Chemical Engineering: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Author(s) -
Rigamonti Marco G.,
Gatti Francesco G.,
Patience Gregory S.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the canadian journal of chemical engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.404
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1939-019X
pISSN - 0008-4034
DOI - 10.1002/cjce.23409
Subject(s) - nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , nuclear reaction analysis , spectroscopy , density functional theory , materials science , nmr spectra database , polymer , nuclear magnetic resonance , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , chemical physics , spectral line , computational chemistry , physics , organic chemistry , ion , quantum mechanics , astronomy
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measures free induction decay (FID) signals that atomic nuclei emit when excited by a radio‐frequency (RF) pulse in a static magnetic field. The Fourier‐transformed spectrum shows chemically shifted peaks, area intensity, and multiplicity, which give information on molecular structure, bonds, functional groups, and purity. Web of Science Core Collection indexed 46 000 articles that mentioned NMR in 2016 and 2017. The VosViewer software grouped the research into 5 clusters: solid‐state analysis including metabolomics; biology with in‐vitro and antibacterial applications; coupled analytical techniques to identify crystal structure for which x‐ray diffraction and density functional theory figure prominently; liquid‐state analysis for polymers, aqueous solutions, nano‐particles, and drug delivery; and chemosensors. Researchers publishing in The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering focus most on: liquid‐state NMR to characterize polymers, branching, and monomers; quantify conformation, reaction kinetics, and equilibrium; and assess surfactant stability, ionic liquids, and composition. We introduce the theory behind NMR spectroscopy and common applications in chemistry and material science. We highlight the strength and limitations, sources of error, and the detection limit for this analytical technique, as manufacturers develop massive magnets for high‐resolution spectra (1 GHz), and benchtop NMR for real‐time, in‐situ analysis (80 MHz).