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Examining the Dual Forces of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation and Liability of Foreignness on International Entrepreneurs
Author(s) -
Joardar Arpita,
Wu Sibin
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
canadian journal of administrative sciences / revue canadienne des sciences de l'administration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.347
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1936-4490
pISSN - 0825-0383
DOI - 10.1002/cjas.203
Subject(s) - dual (grammatical number) , liability , entrepreneurship , orientation (vector space) , business , entrepreneurial orientation , industrial organization , geometry , accounting , art , literature , mathematics , finance
In this paper, we adopt a theoretical approach to integrate two streams of literature—that is, entrepreneurship orientation (EO) and liability of foreignness (LOF)—to examine the dual effect of EO and foreignness on international entrepreneurs. First, we argue for the need for developing the constructs of EO and LOF at the individual level (referred to as IEO and ILOF, respectively), as previous research has primarily examined them at the firm level. Then, we develop a 4S framework to characterize entrepreneurs based on their EO and foreignness into four categories—star, survivor, struggler, and slider—and offer predictions on their relative performance. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.