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Einführung in die Transportvorgänge in konzentrierten wäßrigen Elektrolytlösungen und Salzschmelzen
Author(s) -
Richter Joachim
Publication year - 1978
Publication title -
chemie ingenieur technik
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.365
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1522-2640
pISSN - 0009-286X
DOI - 10.1002/cite.330500407
Subject(s) - electrolyte , aqueous solution , salt (chemistry) , chemistry , thermodynamics , molten salt , activity coefficient , inorganic chemistry , electrode , physics
to transport phenomena in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions and molten salt mixtures . Up to this day there is no general theory of liquids. Since water‐free molten salt mixtures are simpler in their structure than concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions, it would be reasonable first to develop a theory for molten salts and then to apply this to aqueous electrolyte solutions by approximation. Such a theory does not yet exist. In this paper the system water + salt is therefore considered in the concentration range between pure water and pure salt in the liquid state. The phenomenological coefficients and friction coefficients of the different species of the system calculated from transport data are characteristic parameters for the entire concentration range which will probably offer possibilities for the analysis of transport phenomena, in close relation with the structure of the water + salt mixture. Common and essentially different properties, such as reference system and condition of electric neutrality, are discussed for concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions and molten salt mixtures. The investigation of transport numbers from concentration cells with transference and the determination of the interdiffusion coefficients are illustrated for the system H 2 O + CaCl 2 (highly concentrated electrolyte solution) and LiNO 3 + AgNO 3 (molten salt mixture). The phenomenological coefficients and the friction coefficients are calculated from the measured transport data.