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Salzschmelzen als Lösungsmittel
Author(s) -
Weil Konrad Georg
Publication year - 1978
Publication title -
chemie ingenieur technik
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.365
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1522-2640
pISSN - 0009-286X
DOI - 10.1002/cite.330500405
Subject(s) - halide , alkali metal , chemistry , solubility , salt (chemistry) , solvation , inorganic chemistry , solvated electron , metal , copper , neutron diffraction , molten salt , silver halide , aqueous solution , crystal structure , crystallography , solvent , organic chemistry , radiolysis , layer (electronics)
Salt melts as solvents . The article starts with a brief review of the structure of simple salt melts as determined by X‐ray and neutron diffraction. The solubility of gases in salt melts is then dealt with. The results are discussed within the framework of a hole theory for melts. The main theme of the article concerns solutions of metals in salt melts, particularly solutions of first main group and first sub‐group metals in their molten halides. It is found that the alkali metals are very highly soluble in melts of their halides, whereas copper and silver are only sparingly soluble. A detailed account is given of the state of the alkali metals dissolved in their halides: the metal dissociates into a cation and an electron, whereupon the electron is „solvated” and exhibits properties resembling those of an F centre in a crystal. Silver and copper halides have no vacancies at anionic sites, so that no F centres can be formed. From thermodynamic investigations on the metal solutions it can be concluded that here also solvated species are present, with the solvation sheath containing both cations and anions.