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Metal Centers as Nucleophiles: Oxymoron of Halogen Bond‐Involving Crystal Engineering
Author(s) -
Ivanov Daniil M.,
Bokach Nadezhda A.,
Yu. Kukushkin Vadim,
Frontera Antonio
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.202103173
Subject(s) - crystal engineering , halogen , crystallography , nucleophile , oxymoron , chemistry , atomic orbital , crystal (programming language) , non covalent interactions , transition metal , supramolecular chemistry , halogen bond , metal , nanotechnology , crystal structure , materials science , electron , molecule , physics , organic chemistry , alkyl , catalysis , computer science , hydrogen bond , philosophy , linguistics , quantum mechanics , programming language
This review highlights recent studies discovering unconventional halogen bonding (HaB) that involves positively charged metal centers. These centers provide their filled d ‐orbitals for HaB, and thus behave as nucleophilic components toward the noncovalent interaction. This role of some electron‐rich transition metal centers can be considered an oxymoron in the sense that the metal is, in most cases, formally cationic; consequently, its electron donor function is unexpected. The importance of Ha⋅⋅⋅ d ‐[M] (Ha=halogen; M is Group 9 (Rh, Ir), 10 (Ni, Pd, Pt), or 11 (Cu, Au)) interactions in crystal engineering is emphasized by showing remarkable examples (reported and uncovered by our processing of the Cambridge Structural Database), where this Ha⋅⋅⋅ d ‐[M] directional interaction guides the formation of solid supramolecular assemblies of different dimensionalities.