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Accessing C2‐Functionalized 1,3‐(Benz)azoles through Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Author(s) -
Basak Sumon,
Dutta Subhabrata,
Maiti Debabrata
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.202100475
Subject(s) - surface modification , pharmacophore , combinatorial chemistry , regioselectivity , derivatization , transition metal , context (archaeology) , catalysis , chemistry , computer science , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , materials science , stereochemistry , paleontology , high performance liquid chromatography , biology
The skeletal presence of 1,3‐azoles in a variety of bioactive natural products, pharmacophores, and organic materials demands the derivatization of such heteroarenes regioselectively. Plenty of cross‐coupling as well as cyclocondensation reactions have been performed to build up these skeletons but remained commercially unrealizable. A couple of severe drawbacks are faced by these traditional protocols that require a more straightforward strategy to obviate them. Transition metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization has emerged as a superior alternative in that context. 1,3‐Azoles and their benzo counterparts have been extensively functionalized exploiting both noble and earth‐abundant transition metals. Lately, C‐2 functionalization have gained much traction due to the ease of attaining high regioselectivity and installation of synthetically manipulative functionalities. This critical review presents a bird‘s eye view of all major C‐2 functionalization of (benz)azoles catalyzed by a diverse set of metals performed over the past 15 years.