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Cyanine Dyes Containing Quinoline Moieties: History, Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications
Author(s) -
Ilina Kristina,
Henary Maged
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.202003697
Subject(s) - cyanine , quinoline , chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , biomolecule , small molecule , organic chemistry , photochemistry , fluorescence , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Abstract Cyanine dyes carrying quinoline moieties are an important class of organic molecules that are of great interest for applications in many fields like medicine, pharmacology, and engineering. Despite their exceptional properties, such as stability, high molar extinction coefficients, and high pH‐sensitivity, this class of dyes has been less analyzed and reviewed in the last few decades. Therefore, this review article focuses on discussing the history of quinoline compounds, various synthetic routes to prepare quinolinium salts and symmetrical and asymmetrical mono‐, di‐, tri‐, penta‐ and heptamethine cyanine dyes, containing quinoline moieties, together with their optical properties and applications as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, probes in biomolecules for labeling of nucleic acids, as well as imaging agents.