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Heavier Alkaline‐Earth Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Alcohols for the Synthesis of Metallo‐Polysilylethers
Author(s) -
Morris Louis J.,
Hill Michael S.,
Mahon Mary F.,
Manners Ian,
S. McMenamy Fred,
Whittell George R.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201905313
Subject(s) - silanes , chemistry , catalysis , alkoxide , phenylsilane , hydride , alcohol , silane , medicinal chemistry , selectivity , barium , stoichiometry , alkaline earth metal , polymer chemistry , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , alkali metal , metal
The dehydrocoupling of silanes and alcohols mediated by heavier alkaline‐earth catalysts, [Ae{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ⋅(THF) 2 ] ( I – III ) and [Ae{CH(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ⋅(THF) 2 ], ( IV – VI ) (Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) is described. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols were coupled to phenylsilane or diphenylsilane, whereas tertiary silanes are less tolerant towards bulky substrates. Some control over reaction selectivity towards mono‐, di‐, or tri‐substituted silylether products was achieved through alteration of reaction stoichiometry, conditions, and catalyst. The ferrocenyl silylether, FeCp(C 5 H 4 SiPh(OBn) 2 ) ( 2 ), was prepared and fully characterized from the ferrocenylsilane, FeCp(C 5 H 4 SiPhH 2 ) ( 1 ), and benzyl alcohol using barium catalysis. Stoichiometric experiments suggested a reaction manifold involving the formation of Ae–alkoxide and hydride species, and a series of dimeric Ae–alkoxides [(Ph 3 CO)Ae(μ 2 ‐OCPh 3 )Ae(THF)] ( 3 a – c , Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) were isolated and fully characterized. Mechanistic experiments suggested a complex reaction mechanism involving dimeric or polynuclear active species, whose kinetics are highly dependent on variables such as the identity and concentration of the precatalyst, silane, and alcohol. Turnover frequencies increase on descending Group 2 of the periodic table, with the barium precatalyst III displaying an apparent first‐order dependence in both silane and alcohol, and an optimum catalyst loading of 3 mol % Ba, above which activity decreases. With precatalyst III in THF, ferrocene‐containing poly‐ and oligosilylethers with ferrocene pendent to‐ ( P1 – P4 ) or as a constituent ( P5 , P6 ) of the main polymer chain were prepared from 1 or Fe(C 5 H 4 SiPhH 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) with diols 1,4‐(HOCH 2 ) 2 ‐(C 6 H 4 ) and 1,4‐(CH(CH 3 )OH) 2 ‐(C 6 H 4 ), respectively. The resultant materials were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, with estimated molecular weights in excess of 20,000 Da for P1 and P4 . The iron centers display reversible redox behavior and thermal analysis showed P1 and P5 to be promising precursors to magnetic ceramic materials.