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Exploring the Phase‐Selective, Green, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Upconverting Doped Sodium Yttrium Fluoride: Effects of Temperature, Time, and Precursors
Author(s) -
Jannsen Nora,
Diodati Stefano,
Dengo Nicola,
Tajoli Francesca,
Vicentini Nicola,
Lucchini Giacomo,
Speghini Adolfo,
Badocco Denis,
Pastore Paolo,
Gross Silvia
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201903261
Subject(s) - dopant , yttrium , materials science , hydrothermal synthesis , hydrothermal circulation , photoluminescence , doping , context (archaeology) , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , phase (matter) , hexagonal phase , chemical engineering , fluoride , nanomaterials , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , mineralogy , chemistry , oxide , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , metallurgy , paleontology , engineering , biology
The aim of this work was i) to develop a hydrothermal, low‐temperature synthesis protocol affording the upconverting hexagonal phase NaYF 4 with suitable dopants while adhering to the “green chemistry” standards and ii) to explore the effect that different parameters have on the products. In optimizing the synthesis protocol, short reaction times and low temperatures (below 150 °C) were considered. Yb 3+ and Er 3+ ions were chosen as dopants for the NaYF 4 material. Within the context of the second goal, parameters including nature of the precursors, treatment temperature, and treatment time were investigated to afford a pure hexagonal crystalline phase, both in the doped and undoped materials. To fully explore the synthesis results, the prepared materials were characterized from a structural (XRD), compositional (XPS, ICP‐MS), and morphological (SEM) point of view. The upconverting properties of the compounds were confirmed by photoluminescence measurements.