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Fully sp 2 ‐Carbon‐Linked Crystalline Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: Insight into 2D Poly(phenylenecyanovinylene) Formation and its Optoelectronic Properties
Author(s) -
Becker Daniel,
Biswal Bishnu P.,
Kaleńczuk Paula,
Chandrasekhar Naisa,
Giebeler Lars,
Addicoat Matthew,
Paasch Silvia,
Brunner Eike,
Leo Karl,
Dianat Arezoo,
Cuniberti Gianaurelio,
Berger Reinhard,
Feng Xinliang
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201806385
Subject(s) - conjugated system , materials science , polymer , crystallinity , density functional theory , double bond , carbon fibers , homo/lumo , nanotechnology , chemistry , molecule , polymer chemistry , computational chemistry , organic chemistry , composite number , composite material
Cyano‐substituted polyphenylene vinylenes (PPVs) have been the focus of research for several decades owing to their interesting optoelectronic properties and potential applications in organic electronics. With the advent of organic two‐dimensional (2D) crystals, the question arose as to how the chemical and optoelectronic advantages of PPVs evolve in 2D compared with their linear counterparts. In this work, we present the efficient synthesis of two novel 2D fully sp 2 ‐carbon‐linked crystalline PPVs and investigate the essentiality of inorganic bases for their catalytic formation. Notably, among all bases screened, cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) plays a crucial role and enables reversibility in the first step with subsequent structure locking by formation of a C=C double bond to maintain crystallinity, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A quantifiable energy diagram of a “quasi‐reversible reaction” is proposed, which allows the identification of further suitable C−C bond formation reactions for 2D polymerizations. Moreover, the narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap is delineated by expanding the conjugation into two dimensions. To enable environmentally benign processing, the post‐modification of 2D PPVs is further performed, which renders stable dispersions in the aqueous phase.