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Selective Array‐Based Sensing of Anabolic Steroids in Aqueous Solution by Host–Guest Reporter Complexes
Author(s) -
Gill Adam D.,
Perez Lizeth,
Salinas Isaac N. Q.,
Byers Samantha R.,
Liu Yang,
Hickey Briana L.,
Zhong Wenwan,
Hooley Richard J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201804854
Subject(s) - cavitand , steroid , anabolism , aqueous solution , chemistry , metal ions in aqueous solution , host (biology) , fluorescence , ion , metal , combinatorial chemistry , biophysics , supramolecular chemistry , biochemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , biology , ecology , physics , quantum mechanics , hormone
Abstract Arrayed complexes of a water‐soluble deep cavitand and two fluorescent indicators show selective sensing of anabolic‐androgenic steroids in aqueous environments. By combining the host–guest complexes with small amounts of heavy metal ions, discrimination between steroids that vary in structure by only a single π bond is possible. The sensing occurs through a triggered aggregation mechanism, which can be mediated by both the presence of metal ions and the steroids. The use of both “turn‐on” and “turn‐off” fluorophores is essential for good discrimination. As low as 10 μ m steroid can be detected, and the discrimination is selective in steroid samples spiked into human urine.