Premium
Intermediates of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Dimerization Probed in the Gas Phase by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry: C−H⋅⋅⋅:C Hydrogen Bonding Versus Covalent Dimer Formation
Author(s) -
Paul Mathias,
Detmar Eric,
Schlangen Maria,
Breugst Martin,
Neudörfl JörgMartin,
Schwarz Helmut,
Berkessel Albrecht,
Schäfer Mathias
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemistry – a european journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.687
H-Index - 242
eISSN - 1521-3765
pISSN - 0947-6539
DOI - 10.1002/chem.201803641
Subject(s) - carbene , dimer , intramolecular force , chemistry , covalent bond , hydrogen bond , mass spectrometry , hydrogen , ion , gas phase , phase (matter) , crystallography , photochemistry , stereochemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , catalysis , chromatography
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs, :C ) can interact with azolium salts ( C−H + ) by either forming a hydrogen‐bonded aggregate ( CHC + ) or a covalent C−C bond ( CCH + ). In this study, the intramolecular NHC–azolium salt interactions of aromatic imidazolin‐2‐ylidenes and saturated imidazolidin‐2‐ylidenes have been investigated in the gas phase by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TW IMS) and DFT calculations. The TW IMS experiments provided evidence for the formation of these important intermediates in the gas phase, and they identified the predominant aggregation mode (hydrogen bond vs. covalent C−C) as a function of the nature of the interacting carbene–azolium pairs.